Phase Equilibria of the Cu-Sn-Bi Ternary System

Phase equilibria of the Cu-Sn-Bi ternary system have been investigated by means of x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry analysis. Cu-Sn-Bi alloys were prepared and equilibrated at 250, 450 and 700 °C, and the equilibrium phases were experimentally identified. Isothermal sections at these three temperatures were proposed based on the experimental results and the information on the three constituent binary systems. Moreover, the solubility of the Bi in the Cu-Sn compounds is less than 0.8 at%. No ternary compound was found. The phase equilibria between the liquid and the solid phases appears to be inclined towards the Bi-corner at all temperatures.