Characterization of a reassortant H11N9 subtype avian influenza virus isolated from bean goose along the East Asian–Australian flyway

During the surveillance of avian influenza viruses in the Dongxi Lake wetland of Hubei in 2015–2016, an H11N9 avian influenza virus was isolated from a bean goose ( Anser fabalis ). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the HA gene of this isolate belongs to the North American lineage; however, the NA and the internal genes of the isolate were generated from the Eurasian lineage. This strain had reduced pathogenicity in mice and was capable of replication in the mouse lung without prior adaptation. This is the first report detecting H11N9 subtype influenza virus from migratory birds in central China. These findings highlight the transmission of avian influenza virus along the East Asian–Australian flyway and the need for continuing surveillance in central China.