Perioperative management of emergency abdominal surgery in adult patients at the Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital

Perioperative management of emergency abdominal surgery remains a major concern for anesthesiologists due to hemodynamic and/or metabolic disorders often present preoperatively as well as to potential postoperative complications. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic factors of abdominal emergencies. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study involving patients over 16 years old undergoing emergency abdominal surgery at the Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital over a period of six months. The parameters studied were the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic factors of emergency abdominal surgery. We collected 161 cases, nearly 20% of the activity in the department. The average age was 41 years [16, 80 years]. The sex ratio was 2.9. The mean consultation time was 4.6 days. Peritonitis was the most frequent pathologies (25.5%). The average heart rate in patients was 92 bpm (beats/ min) and 97 bpm in patients who underwent preoperative hemodynamic preparation. The average Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) was 96.6 mmHg and 86.1 mmHg in prepared patients. 49.1% of patients were ASA class 1, 39.9% were ASA2, 8.7% ASA3, 2.5% ASA4 and 0.6% ASA5. Antibiotic prophylaxis was used in 46.30% of patients and 53.41% of them underwent antibiotic therapy. 95.6% of patients underwent general anesthesia and 4.4% underwent spinal anesthesia. The frequency of perioperative incidents was 11.08%. Morbidity was 4.3% and mortality was 4.96%. The management of emergency abdominal surgery requires a multidisciplinary approach that involves anesthetists, surgeons and biologists to further reduce morbidity and mortality rate which remains significant even today.