Cytotoxic, Antimutagenic, and Antioxidant Activities of Methanolic Extract and Chalcone Dimers (Lophirones B and C) Derived From Lophira alata (Van Tiegh. Ex Keay) Stem Bark

The cytotoxic, antimutagenic, and antioxidant activities of methanolic extract and lophirones B and C derived from Lophira alata stem bark were evaluated. The extract and lophirones B and C significantly (P < .05) reduced the viability of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. There were concentration-dependent reduction in 4-nitro-o-aminophenylenediamine and benzo[a]pyrene–induced frame shift mutation as well as aflatoxin B1–induced base pair substitution by the extract and lophirones B and C. The extract and lophirones B and C concentration dependently scavenged DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, and reduced ferric ion in the potassium hexacyanoferrate III reducing system. The results obtained from this study revealed that methanolic extract and lophirones B and C derived from Lophira alata stem bark posses anticancer, antimutagenic, and antioxidant activities, with lophirone C producing the best anticancer, antimutagenic, and antioxidant activities. The acclaimed anticancer activity of Lophira alata may be attributed to lophirones B and C.