Shift from P to N limitation of phytoplankton growth across the Pearl River estuarine plume during summer

Anthropogenic loading of nutrients in rivers often increases disproportionally among N, P, and Si, and thus may shift the type of phytoplankton nutrient limitation in the coastal receiving waters. The effect of anthropogenic nutrient loading has rarely been addressed in the Pearl River estuary along the southern coast of China, even though it is one of the largest rivers in the world. We conducted a cruise along the Pearl River estuary and adjacent coastal waters south of Hong Kong during July 17 to 18, 1999. Samples were taken for salinity and nutrients (NO₃, SiO₄, PO₄, NH₄ and urea) and nutrient addition experiments were conducted on board. Vertical profiles of salinity showed a salt-wedge estuary and the coastal plume covering the waters south of Hong Kong. Concentrations of NO₃ were very high (ca 90 μM) upstream of the Pearl River estuary, and much of the riverine NO₃ was not utilized in the estuary until depletion at the edge of the coastal plume on the east side of Hong Kong. SiO₄ was 120 μM upstream and its utilization was similar to that of NO₃. PO₄ was low in surface waters (