Utterances in infant-directed speech are shorter, not slower
•Infant-directed speech is often said to be slower than adult-directed speech.•Previous studies of speech rate have relied on global calculations over entire utterances.•Infant-directed speech uses shorter phrases; combined with phrase-final lengthening, this results in an apparent lower speech rate...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Cognition 2016-11, Vol.156, p.52-59 |
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creator | Martin, Andrew Igarashi, Yosuke Jincho, Nobuyuki Mazuka, Reiko |
description | •Infant-directed speech is often said to be slower than adult-directed speech.•Previous studies of speech rate have relied on global calculations over entire utterances.•Infant-directed speech uses shorter phrases; combined with phrase-final lengthening, this results in an apparent lower speech rate.•Speech rate differences between infant-directed and adult-directed speech disappear when phrasal position is taken into account.•In spontaneous speech, mothers do not speak more slowly to infants.
It has become a truism in the literature on infant-directed speech (IDS) that IDS is pronounced more slowly than adult-directed speech (ADS). Using recordings of 22 Japanese mothers speaking to their infant and to an adult, we show that although IDS has an overall lower mean speech rate than ADS, this is not the result of an across-the-board slowing in which every vowel is expanded equally. Instead, the speech rate difference is entirely due to the effects of phrase-final lengthening, which disproportionally affects IDS because of its shorter utterances. These results demonstrate that taking utterance-internal prosodic characteristics into account is crucial to studies of speech rate. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.cognition.2016.07.015 |
format | Article |
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It has become a truism in the literature on infant-directed speech (IDS) that IDS is pronounced more slowly than adult-directed speech (ADS). Using recordings of 22 Japanese mothers speaking to their infant and to an adult, we show that although IDS has an overall lower mean speech rate than ADS, this is not the result of an across-the-board slowing in which every vowel is expanded equally. Instead, the speech rate difference is entirely due to the effects of phrase-final lengthening, which disproportionally affects IDS because of its shorter utterances. These results demonstrate that taking utterance-internal prosodic characteristics into account is crucial to studies of speech rate.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0010-0277</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-7838</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2016.07.015</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27513869</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Final lengthening ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant-directed speech ; Mother-Child Relations ; Speech ; Speech Production Measurement ; Speech rate ; Time Factors</subject><ispartof>Cognition, 2016-11, Vol.156, p.52-59</ispartof><rights>2016 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-1a4cda260e3e68d6c5052396eeb5e5a54b58692b0437854e47d8de2d259898c63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-1a4cda260e3e68d6c5052396eeb5e5a54b58692b0437854e47d8de2d259898c63</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2016.07.015$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27513869$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Martin, Andrew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Igarashi, Yosuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jincho, Nobuyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mazuka, Reiko</creatorcontrib><title>Utterances in infant-directed speech are shorter, not slower</title><title>Cognition</title><addtitle>Cognition</addtitle><description>•Infant-directed speech is often said to be slower than adult-directed speech.•Previous studies of speech rate have relied on global calculations over entire utterances.•Infant-directed speech uses shorter phrases; combined with phrase-final lengthening, this results in an apparent lower speech rate.•Speech rate differences between infant-directed and adult-directed speech disappear when phrasal position is taken into account.•In spontaneous speech, mothers do not speak more slowly to infants.
It has become a truism in the literature on infant-directed speech (IDS) that IDS is pronounced more slowly than adult-directed speech (ADS). Using recordings of 22 Japanese mothers speaking to their infant and to an adult, we show that although IDS has an overall lower mean speech rate than ADS, this is not the result of an across-the-board slowing in which every vowel is expanded equally. Instead, the speech rate difference is entirely due to the effects of phrase-final lengthening, which disproportionally affects IDS because of its shorter utterances. These results demonstrate that taking utterance-internal prosodic characteristics into account is crucial to studies of speech rate.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Asian Continental Ancestry Group</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Final lengthening</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant-directed speech</subject><subject>Mother-Child Relations</subject><subject>Speech</subject><subject>Speech Production Measurement</subject><subject>Speech rate</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><issn>0010-0277</issn><issn>1873-7838</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkEtLAzEQgIMotlb_gu7Rg7sm2WSTBS9SfEHBiz2HbDK1KdtNTbaK_96Urb0qDAwM37w-hK4ILggm1e2qMP69c73zXUFTocCiwIQfoTGRosyFLOUxGmNMcI6pECN0FuMKY8yokKdoRAUnpazqMbqb9z0E3RmImetSLHTX59YFMD3YLG4AzDLTAbK49CGhN1nn-yy2_gvCOTpZ6DbCxT5P0Pzx4W36nM9en16m97PcMMH6nGhmrKYVhhIqaSvDMadlXQE0HLjmrOHpFtpgVgrJGTBhpQVqKa9lLU1VTtD1MHcT_McWYq_WLhpoW92B30ZFJBU1SU-xf6BEVkIKLhIqBtQEH2OAhdoEt9bhWxGsdpbVSh0sq51lhYVKllPn5X7JtlmDPfT9ak3A_QBAsvLpIKhoHCTJg1hlvftzyQ-q6ZEY</recordid><startdate>201611</startdate><enddate>201611</enddate><creator>Martin, Andrew</creator><creator>Igarashi, Yosuke</creator><creator>Jincho, Nobuyuki</creator><creator>Mazuka, Reiko</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7TK</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201611</creationdate><title>Utterances in infant-directed speech are shorter, not slower</title><author>Martin, Andrew ; Igarashi, Yosuke ; Jincho, Nobuyuki ; Mazuka, Reiko</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-1a4cda260e3e68d6c5052396eeb5e5a54b58692b0437854e47d8de2d259898c63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Asian Continental Ancestry Group</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Final lengthening</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infant-directed speech</topic><topic>Mother-Child Relations</topic><topic>Speech</topic><topic>Speech Production Measurement</topic><topic>Speech rate</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Martin, Andrew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Igarashi, Yosuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jincho, Nobuyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mazuka, Reiko</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Cognition</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Martin, Andrew</au><au>Igarashi, Yosuke</au><au>Jincho, Nobuyuki</au><au>Mazuka, Reiko</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Utterances in infant-directed speech are shorter, not slower</atitle><jtitle>Cognition</jtitle><addtitle>Cognition</addtitle><date>2016-11</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>156</volume><spage>52</spage><epage>59</epage><pages>52-59</pages><issn>0010-0277</issn><eissn>1873-7838</eissn><abstract>•Infant-directed speech is often said to be slower than adult-directed speech.•Previous studies of speech rate have relied on global calculations over entire utterances.•Infant-directed speech uses shorter phrases; combined with phrase-final lengthening, this results in an apparent lower speech rate.•Speech rate differences between infant-directed and adult-directed speech disappear when phrasal position is taken into account.•In spontaneous speech, mothers do not speak more slowly to infants.
It has become a truism in the literature on infant-directed speech (IDS) that IDS is pronounced more slowly than adult-directed speech (ADS). Using recordings of 22 Japanese mothers speaking to their infant and to an adult, we show that although IDS has an overall lower mean speech rate than ADS, this is not the result of an across-the-board slowing in which every vowel is expanded equally. Instead, the speech rate difference is entirely due to the effects of phrase-final lengthening, which disproportionally affects IDS because of its shorter utterances. These results demonstrate that taking utterance-internal prosodic characteristics into account is crucial to studies of speech rate.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>27513869</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.cognition.2016.07.015</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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source | MEDLINE; ScienceDirect Journals (5 years ago - present) |
subjects | Adult Asian Continental Ancestry Group Child, Preschool Female Final lengthening Humans Infant Infant-directed speech Mother-Child Relations Speech Speech Production Measurement Speech rate Time Factors |
title | Utterances in infant-directed speech are shorter, not slower |
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