Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus spp. from crows and their environment in metropolitan Washington State, USA: Is there a correlation between VRE positive crows and the environment?

[Display omitted] eBURST comparison of vanA Enterococcus faecium ST412 to global complex-17. •Crows were more likely to carry vanAEnterococcusfaecium than either cow feces or wetland waters/soils.•One crow vanA E. faecium ST412 was related to complex-17 which is found worldwide.•Two crow vanA E. fae...

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Veröffentlicht in:Veterinary microbiology 2016-10, Vol.194, p.48-54
Hauptverfasser: Roberts, Marilyn C., No, David B., Marzluff, John M., Delap, Jack H., Turner, Robert
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:[Display omitted] eBURST comparison of vanA Enterococcus faecium ST412 to global complex-17. •Crows were more likely to carry vanAEnterococcusfaecium than either cow feces or wetland waters/soils.•One crow vanA E. faecium ST412 was related to complex-17 which is found worldwide.•Two crow vanA E. faecium had unique ST types.•Crow ST362 vanA E. faecium has previously been isolated from a single human and not closely related to other ST types. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci [VRE] have been isolated from municipal, hospital and agricultural wastewater, recreational beaches, wild animals, birds and food animals around the world. In this study, American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) from sewage treatment plants (WWTP), dairy farms, and a large roost in a restored wetland with corresponding environmental samples were cultured for VRE. A total of 245 samples [156 crows, 89 environmental] were collected and screened for acquired vanA, vanB and/or intrinsic vanC1 genes. Samples were enriched overnight in BHI supplemented with 20μg/mL aztreonam, 4μg/mL vancomycin and plated on m-Enterococcus agar media supplemented with 6μg/mL vancomycin. Selected colonies were grown on BHI media supplemented with 18μg/mL vancomycin. Of these, 24.5% of the crow and 55% the environmental/cow samples were VRE positive as defined by Enterococcus spp. able to grow on media supplemented with 18μg/mL vancomycin. A total of 122 VRE isolates, 43 crow and 79 environmental isolates were screened, identified to species level using 16S sequencing and further characterized. Four vanA E. faecium and multiple vanC1 E. gallinarum were identified from crows isolated from three sites. E. faecium vanA and E. gallinarum vanC1 along with other Enterococcus spp. carrying vanA, vanB, vanC1 were isolated from three environments. All enterococci were multidrug resistant. Crows were more likely to carry vanA E. faecium than either the cow feces or wetland waters/soils. Comparing E. gallinarum vanC1 from crows and their environment would be useful in determining whether crows share VRE strains with their environment.
ISSN:0378-1135
1873-2542
DOI:10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.01.022