Global renewable energy and its potential in Malaysia: A review of Hydrokinetic turbine technology

Utilization of electrical energy is the key to economic growth and improvement in people׳s living standards, especially in developing countries. The growing demand for electrical energy and the environmental effect of fossil fuel usage are the main topics driving us towards renewable technology. Hydropower, mainly hydrokinetic energy technology, is a well-known source of renewable energy. This study was carried out to present the potential of hydrokinetic energy in the world and Malaysia. Relevant research literature, based on developments, applications, design, operation, efficiency as well as different hydrokinetic technologies have been reviewed. This work critically considers the main characteristics of Malaysian current and water depth and the challenges associated with enhancing the efficiency of hydrokinetic turbines and providing electricity to remote areas with access to running water but little electricity. This paper will aid researchers to identify areas that need to be improved, as well as encourage public bodies to implement proper energy policies regarding hydrokinetic energy technology usage in rural areas with low-speed currents.