Mean state densities, temperatures and winds during the MAC/SINE and MAC/EPSILON campaigns

During 1987 two major field campaigns were conducted, mainly in northern Norway (in summer and late autumn), in which a total of 41 (26+15) in-situ temperature profiles were obtained by different techniques such as passive falling spheres, ionizalion gauges and mass spectrometers. Simultaneously, ground-based measurements of OH-temperatures and sodium lidar temperatures were performed for approximately 85 h and 104 h, respectively. In addition, a total of 67 (37 + 30) wind profiles were measured by in-situ techniques. Several radar systems measured winds almost continuously before, during and after the campaigns. The mean temperature profile for the summer campaign showed major deviations from a recently published reference atmosphere (CIRA 1986), whereas the differences between observations and model are smaller in autumn. In general, both the summer and autumn mean wind profiles agreed with CIRA 1986. Minor differences were attributed to tidal biases of the observations and ageostrophic components.