Characteristics of the turbulent oceanic boundary layer under sea ice. Part 1: A review of the ice-ocean boundary layer

A number of experimental studies in polar regions over the past decade have helped us to better understand the structure of the ice-ocean boundary layer. This work reviews the ice-water drag coefficientss compiled from various experiments and our understanding of the turbulent characteristics of the ice-ocean boundary layer, which in turn leads to consideration of the density structure in the upper ocean. Surface intrusions of freshwater from rivers and buoyancy effects caused by surface freezing or ice melt are found to play an important role in modifying turbulent processes in coastal regions