Four residues of propeptide are essential for precursor folding of nattokinase

Subtilisin propeptide functions as an intramolecular chaperone that guides precursor folding. Nattokinase, a member of subtilisin family, is synthesized as a precursor consisting of a signal peptide, a propeptide, and a subtilisin domain, and the mechanism of its folding remains to be understood. In this study, the essential residues of nattoki- nase propeptide which contribute to precursor folding were determined. Deletion analysis showed that the con- served regions in propeptide were important for precursor folding. Single-site and multi-site mutagenesis studies con- firmed the role of Tyr10, Gly13, Gly34, and Gly35. During stage （i） and （ii） of precursor folding, Tyr10 and Gly13 would form the part of interface with subfilisin domain. While Gly34 and Gly35 connected with an α-helix that would stabil- ize the structure of propeptide. The quadruple Ala mutation, Y10A/G13A/G34A/G35A, resulted in a loss of the chaperone function for the propeptide. This work showed the essential residues of propeptide for precursor folding via secondary structure and kinetic parameter analyses.