Characterisation of bacterial communities associated with toxic and non-toxic dinoflagellates: Alexandrium spp. and Scrippsiella trochoidea
Several dinoflagellate species have been shown to produce potent neurotoxins known as paralytic shellfish toxins. Evidence is also accumulating that marine bacteria associated with dinoflagellates play a role in the accumulation of paralytic shellfish toxins. In this study, the diversity of bacteria...
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description | Several dinoflagellate species have been shown to produce potent neurotoxins known as paralytic shellfish toxins. Evidence is also accumulating that marine bacteria associated with dinoflagellates play a role in the accumulation of paralytic shellfish toxins. In this study, the diversity of bacteria in cultures of both toxic and non-toxic dinoflagellates, Alexandrium spp. and Scrippsiella trochoidea, were compared using colony morphology, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes and, ultimately, sequence determination of the 16S rRNA genes. The results suggest that a number of different bacterial species are associated with dinoflagellates, some of which are common to each of the dinoflagellate cultures examined, whereas others appear to be unique to a particular dinoflagellate. The phylogenetic diversity of the bacteria observed was limited to two bacterial phyla, the Proteobacteria and the Cytophaga-Flavobacter-Bacteroides (CFB). Although phylum level diversity was limited, many distinct phylogenetic clades were recovered, including members of both the alpha- and gamma-subclasses of the Proteobacteria. Additionally, several of the bacterial phylotypes isolated were not closely related to any published bacterial species but, rather, were identical to isolates characterised from Alexandrium cultures 4 years earlier. Finally, many of the bacteria isolated from the dinoflagellate cultures were related to microorganisms with known surface-associated life histories (e.g. the CFB phylum, Hyphomonas, Caulobacter and some members of the Roseobacter clade including Ruegeria algicola). |
doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2001.tb00864.x |
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Evidence is also accumulating that marine bacteria associated with dinoflagellates play a role in the accumulation of paralytic shellfish toxins. In this study, the diversity of bacteria in cultures of both toxic and non-toxic dinoflagellates, Alexandrium spp. and Scrippsiella trochoidea, were compared using colony morphology, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes and, ultimately, sequence determination of the 16S rRNA genes. The results suggest that a number of different bacterial species are associated with dinoflagellates, some of which are common to each of the dinoflagellate cultures examined, whereas others appear to be unique to a particular dinoflagellate. The phylogenetic diversity of the bacteria observed was limited to two bacterial phyla, the Proteobacteria and the Cytophaga-Flavobacter-Bacteroides (CFB). Although phylum level diversity was limited, many distinct phylogenetic clades were recovered, including members of both the alpha- and gamma-subclasses of the Proteobacteria. Additionally, several of the bacterial phylotypes isolated were not closely related to any published bacterial species but, rather, were identical to isolates characterised from Alexandrium cultures 4 years earlier. Finally, many of the bacteria isolated from the dinoflagellate cultures were related to microorganisms with known surface-associated life histories (e.g. the CFB phylum, Hyphomonas, Caulobacter and some members of the Roseobacter clade including Ruegeria algicola).</description><identifier>ISSN: 0168-6496</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1574-6941</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2001.tb00864.x</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Accumulation ; Alexandrium ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; Applied ecology ; Bacteria ; bacterial communities ; Biological and medical sciences ; Caulobacter ; denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis ; Dinoflagellata ; Dinoflagellate ; Dinoflagellates ; Dinophyta ; Ecology ; Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution ; Electrophoresis ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Gel electrophoresis ; Genes ; Hyphomonas ; life history ; Marine ; Marine bacterium ; Microbial ecology ; Microbiology ; Microflora of plants ; Microorganisms ; Morphology ; Neurotoxins ; Paralytic shellfish toxin ; Phylogenetics ; Phylogeny ; phylotype ; Polymerase chain reaction‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis ; Polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism ; Proteobacteria ; ribosomal RNA ; Roseobacter ; rRNA 16S ; Ruegeria algicola ; Scrippsiella trochoidea ; sequence analysis ; Shellfish ; Species ; Terrestrial environment, soil, air ; toxicity ; Toxins</subject><ispartof>FEMS microbiology ecology, 2001-10, Vol.37 (2), p.161-173</ispartof><rights>2001 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. 2001</rights><rights>2003 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>2001 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4591-77dd418101635288721502302eb5e72f4a746d9b49d1c8e9462c0c6417d58e813</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4591-77dd418101635288721502302eb5e72f4a746d9b49d1c8e9462c0c6417d58e813</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1574-6941.2001.tb00864.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1574-6941.2001.tb00864.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=14444065$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hold, G.L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, E.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rappe, M.S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maas, E.W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moore, E.R.B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stroempl, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stephen, J.R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Prosser, J.I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Birkbeck, T.H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gallacher, S</creatorcontrib><title>Characterisation of bacterial communities associated with toxic and non-toxic dinoflagellates: Alexandrium spp. and Scrippsiella trochoidea</title><title>FEMS microbiology ecology</title><description>Several dinoflagellate species have been shown to produce potent neurotoxins known as paralytic shellfish toxins. Evidence is also accumulating that marine bacteria associated with dinoflagellates play a role in the accumulation of paralytic shellfish toxins. In this study, the diversity of bacteria in cultures of both toxic and non-toxic dinoflagellates, Alexandrium spp. and Scrippsiella trochoidea, were compared using colony morphology, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes and, ultimately, sequence determination of the 16S rRNA genes. The results suggest that a number of different bacterial species are associated with dinoflagellates, some of which are common to each of the dinoflagellate cultures examined, whereas others appear to be unique to a particular dinoflagellate. The phylogenetic diversity of the bacteria observed was limited to two bacterial phyla, the Proteobacteria and the Cytophaga-Flavobacter-Bacteroides (CFB). Although phylum level diversity was limited, many distinct phylogenetic clades were recovered, including members of both the alpha- and gamma-subclasses of the Proteobacteria. Additionally, several of the bacterial phylotypes isolated were not closely related to any published bacterial species but, rather, were identical to isolates characterised from Alexandrium cultures 4 years earlier. Finally, many of the bacteria isolated from the dinoflagellate cultures were related to microorganisms with known surface-associated life histories (e.g. the CFB phylum, Hyphomonas, Caulobacter and some members of the Roseobacter clade including Ruegeria algicola).</description><subject>Accumulation</subject><subject>Alexandrium</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Applied ecology</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>bacterial communities</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Caulobacter</subject><subject>denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis</subject><subject>Dinoflagellata</subject><subject>Dinoflagellate</subject><subject>Dinoflagellates</subject><subject>Dinophyta</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution</subject><subject>Electrophoresis</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. 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produce potent neurotoxins known as paralytic shellfish toxins. Evidence is also accumulating that marine bacteria associated with dinoflagellates play a role in the accumulation of paralytic shellfish toxins. In this study, the diversity of bacteria in cultures of both toxic and non-toxic dinoflagellates, Alexandrium spp. and Scrippsiella trochoidea, were compared using colony morphology, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes and, ultimately, sequence determination of the 16S rRNA genes. The results suggest that a number of different bacterial species are associated with dinoflagellates, some of which are common to each of the dinoflagellate cultures examined, whereas others appear to be unique to a particular dinoflagellate. The phylogenetic diversity of the bacteria observed was limited to two bacterial phyla, the Proteobacteria and the Cytophaga-Flavobacter-Bacteroides (CFB). Although phylum level diversity was limited, many distinct phylogenetic clades were recovered, including members of both the alpha- and gamma-subclasses of the Proteobacteria. Additionally, several of the bacterial phylotypes isolated were not closely related to any published bacterial species but, rather, were identical to isolates characterised from Alexandrium cultures 4 years earlier. Finally, many of the bacteria isolated from the dinoflagellate cultures were related to microorganisms with known surface-associated life histories (e.g. the CFB phylum, Hyphomonas, Caulobacter and some members of the Roseobacter clade including Ruegeria algicola).</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1111/j.1574-6941.2001.tb00864.x</doi><tpages>13</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Accumulation Alexandrium Animal, plant and microbial ecology Applied ecology Bacteria bacterial communities Biological and medical sciences Caulobacter denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis Dinoflagellata Dinoflagellate Dinoflagellates Dinophyta Ecology Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution Electrophoresis Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gel electrophoresis Genes Hyphomonas life history Marine Marine bacterium Microbial ecology Microbiology Microflora of plants Microorganisms Morphology Neurotoxins Paralytic shellfish toxin Phylogenetics Phylogeny phylotype Polymerase chain reaction‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis Polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism Proteobacteria ribosomal RNA Roseobacter rRNA 16S Ruegeria algicola Scrippsiella trochoidea sequence analysis Shellfish Species Terrestrial environment, soil, air toxicity Toxins |
title | Characterisation of bacterial communities associated with toxic and non-toxic dinoflagellates: Alexandrium spp. and Scrippsiella trochoidea |
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