Characterisation of bacterial communities associated with toxic and non-toxic dinoflagellates: Alexandrium spp. and Scrippsiella trochoidea

Several dinoflagellate species have been shown to produce potent neurotoxins known as paralytic shellfish toxins. Evidence is also accumulating that marine bacteria associated with dinoflagellates play a role in the accumulation of paralytic shellfish toxins. In this study, the diversity of bacteria...

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Veröffentlicht in:FEMS microbiology ecology 2001-10, Vol.37 (2), p.161-173
Hauptverfasser: Hold, G.L, Smith, E.A, Rappe, M.S, Maas, E.W, Moore, E.R.B, Stroempl, C, Stephen, J.R, Prosser, J.I, Birkbeck, T.H, Gallacher, S
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container_issue 2
container_start_page 161
container_title FEMS microbiology ecology
container_volume 37
creator Hold, G.L
Smith, E.A
Rappe, M.S
Maas, E.W
Moore, E.R.B
Stroempl, C
Stephen, J.R
Prosser, J.I
Birkbeck, T.H
Gallacher, S
description Several dinoflagellate species have been shown to produce potent neurotoxins known as paralytic shellfish toxins. Evidence is also accumulating that marine bacteria associated with dinoflagellates play a role in the accumulation of paralytic shellfish toxins. In this study, the diversity of bacteria in cultures of both toxic and non-toxic dinoflagellates, Alexandrium spp. and Scrippsiella trochoidea, were compared using colony morphology, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes and, ultimately, sequence determination of the 16S rRNA genes. The results suggest that a number of different bacterial species are associated with dinoflagellates, some of which are common to each of the dinoflagellate cultures examined, whereas others appear to be unique to a particular dinoflagellate. The phylogenetic diversity of the bacteria observed was limited to two bacterial phyla, the Proteobacteria and the Cytophaga-Flavobacter-Bacteroides (CFB). Although phylum level diversity was limited, many distinct phylogenetic clades were recovered, including members of both the alpha- and gamma-subclasses of the Proteobacteria. Additionally, several of the bacterial phylotypes isolated were not closely related to any published bacterial species but, rather, were identical to isolates characterised from Alexandrium cultures 4 years earlier. Finally, many of the bacteria isolated from the dinoflagellate cultures were related to microorganisms with known surface-associated life histories (e.g. the CFB phylum, Hyphomonas, Caulobacter and some members of the Roseobacter clade including Ruegeria algicola).
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Psychology ; Gel electrophoresis ; Genes ; Hyphomonas ; life history ; Marine ; Marine bacterium ; Microbial ecology ; Microbiology ; Microflora of plants ; Microorganisms ; Morphology ; Neurotoxins ; Paralytic shellfish toxin ; Phylogenetics ; Phylogeny ; phylotype ; Polymerase chain reaction‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis ; Polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism ; Proteobacteria ; ribosomal RNA ; Roseobacter ; rRNA 16S ; Ruegeria algicola ; Scrippsiella trochoidea ; sequence analysis ; Shellfish ; Species ; Terrestrial environment, soil, air ; toxicity ; Toxins</subject><ispartof>FEMS microbiology ecology, 2001-10, Vol.37 (2), p.161-173</ispartof><rights>2001 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. 2001</rights><rights>2003 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>2001 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. 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Evidence is also accumulating that marine bacteria associated with dinoflagellates play a role in the accumulation of paralytic shellfish toxins. In this study, the diversity of bacteria in cultures of both toxic and non-toxic dinoflagellates, Alexandrium spp. and Scrippsiella trochoidea, were compared using colony morphology, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes and, ultimately, sequence determination of the 16S rRNA genes. The results suggest that a number of different bacterial species are associated with dinoflagellates, some of which are common to each of the dinoflagellate cultures examined, whereas others appear to be unique to a particular dinoflagellate. The phylogenetic diversity of the bacteria observed was limited to two bacterial phyla, the Proteobacteria and the Cytophaga-Flavobacter-Bacteroides (CFB). 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subjects Accumulation
Alexandrium
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Applied ecology
Bacteria
bacterial communities
Biological and medical sciences
Caulobacter
denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
Dinoflagellata
Dinoflagellate
Dinoflagellates
Dinophyta
Ecology
Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution
Electrophoresis
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gel electrophoresis
Genes
Hyphomonas
life history
Marine
Marine bacterium
Microbial ecology
Microbiology
Microflora of plants
Microorganisms
Morphology
Neurotoxins
Paralytic shellfish toxin
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
phylotype
Polymerase chain reaction‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
Polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism
Proteobacteria
ribosomal RNA
Roseobacter
rRNA 16S
Ruegeria algicola
Scrippsiella trochoidea
sequence analysis
Shellfish
Species
Terrestrial environment, soil, air
toxicity
Toxins
title Characterisation of bacterial communities associated with toxic and non-toxic dinoflagellates: Alexandrium spp. and Scrippsiella trochoidea
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