Technology Innovations and Cleaner Production: Possibilities and Limitations

Although scientific and technological contributions to Cleaner Production programs are expanding rapidly, it will require market forces and government policies to promote the adoption of CP by industries. Technological approaches are categorized as waste reduction at source, waste recycling, and use of renewable resources. Advances are also noted in energy, chemical technology, biotechnology, sensors, informatives, separation technologies, materials, and nanotechnology. Challenges to further integration include price, lack of interdisciplinary expertise, long lead times for technology development, lack of financing, lack of private sector entrepreneurs, lack of government support for research, and a distrust of corporations and technologies by consumers and environmental groups.