Mammary cell-activating factor regulates the hormone-independent transcription of the early lactation protein (ELP) gene in a marsupial

The regulation of the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) early lactation protein (ELP) gene is complex. ELP is responsive to the lactogenic hormones; insulin (I), hydrocortisone (HC) and prolactin (PRL) in mammary gland explants but could not be induced with lactogenic hormones in tammar primary mamm...

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Veröffentlicht in:Molecular and cellular endocrinology 2016-11, Vol.436, p.169-182
Hauptverfasser: Pharo, Elizabeth A., Renfree, Marilyn B., Cane, Kylie N.
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:The regulation of the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) early lactation protein (ELP) gene is complex. ELP is responsive to the lactogenic hormones; insulin (I), hydrocortisone (HC) and prolactin (PRL) in mammary gland explants but could not be induced with lactogenic hormones in tammar primary mammary gland cells, nor in KIM-2 conditionally immortalised murine mammary epithelial cells. Similarly, ELP promoter constructs transiently-transfected into human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells constitutively expressing the prolactin receptor (PRLR) and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)5A were unresponsive to prolactin, unlike the rat and mouse β-casein (CSN2) promoter constructs. Identification of the minimal promoter required for the hormone-independent transcription of tammar ELP in HEK293Ts and comparative analysis of the proximal promoters of marsupial ELP and the orthologous eutherian colostrum trypsin inhibitor (CTI) gene suggests that mammary cell-activating factor (MAF), an E26 transformation-specific (ETS) factor, may bind to an AGGAAG motif and activate tammar ELP. •Early Lactation Protein (ELP) expression is temporal and mammary gland-specific.•The ELP gene is unresponsive to lactogenic hormones in 2D cell culture.•The tammar wallaby ELP promoter has two TATA boxes and transcription start sites.•An ETS factor may regulate the hormone-independent transcription of ELP.•ELP may also be regulated by NF-κB, C/EBP, AP2ɣ and chromatin conformation.
ISSN:0303-7207
1872-8057
DOI:10.1016/j.mce.2016.07.023