Convective transport and scavenging of peroxides by thunderstorms observed over the central U.S. during DC3
One of the objectives of the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) field experiment was to determine the scavenging of soluble trace gases by thunderstorms. We present an analysis of scavenging of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and methyl hydrogen peroxide (CH3OOH) from six DC3 cases that occurred in...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres 2016-04, Vol.121 (8), p.4272-4295 |
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| creator | Barth, M. C. Bela, M. M. Fried, A. Wennberg, P. O. Crounse, J. D. St. Clair, J. M. Blake, N. J. Blake, D. R. Homeyer, C. R. Brune, W. H. Zhang, L. Mao, J. Ren, X. Ryerson, T. B. Pollack, I. B. Peischl, J. Cohen, R. C. Nault, B. A. Huey, L. G. Liu, X. Cantrell, C. A. |
| description | One of the objectives of the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) field experiment was to determine the scavenging of soluble trace gases by thunderstorms. We present an analysis of scavenging of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and methyl hydrogen peroxide (CH3OOH) from six DC3 cases that occurred in Oklahoma and northeast Colorado. Estimates of H2O2 scavenging efficiencies are comparable to previous studies ranging from 79 to 97% with relative uncertainties of 5–25%. CH3OOH scavenging efficiencies ranged from 12 to 84% with relative uncertainties of 18–558%. The wide range of CH3OOH scavenging efficiencies is surprising, as previous studies suggested that CH3OOH scavenging efficiencies would be |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/2015JD024570 |
| format | Article |
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Key Points
Peroxide scavenging efficiencies derived from measurements
Hydrogen peroxide is readily removed by storms
Methyl hydrogen peroxide scavenging correlated with cloud physics and entrainment rate</description><identifier>ISSN: 2169-897X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2169-8996</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/2015JD024570</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Chemistry ; Cloud chemistry ; Cloud particles ; Cloud physics ; Clouds ; Computer simulation ; Convective clouds ; Convective transport ; Correlation ; Entrainment ; Freezing ; Gases ; Geophysics ; Hydrogen ; Hydrogen peroxide ; Lightning ; Nitric oxide ; Nitrogen compounds ; Nitrogen oxides ; Peroxides ; Physics ; Retention ; Scavenging ; scavenging of peroxides ; Severe thunderstorms ; Storms ; Thunderstorms ; thunderstorms and chemistry ; Trace gases ; Uncertainty ; Weather</subject><ispartof>Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres, 2016-04, Vol.121 (8), p.4272-4295</ispartof><rights>2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4394-141ae635c7053ffc979d8c532e922a8b7a3cee6c57f8e05fcf73215a50416a413</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4394-141ae635c7053ffc979d8c532e922a8b7a3cee6c57f8e05fcf73215a50416a413</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2F2015JD024570$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2F2015JD024570$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,1427,27901,27902,45550,45551,46384,46808</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Barth, M. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bela, M. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fried, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wennberg, P. O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crounse, J. D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>St. Clair, J. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blake, N. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blake, D. R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Homeyer, C. R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brune, W. H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mao, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ren, X.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ryerson, T. B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pollack, I. B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peischl, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cohen, R. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nault, B. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huey, L. G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, X.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cantrell, C. A.</creatorcontrib><title>Convective transport and scavenging of peroxides by thunderstorms observed over the central U.S. during DC3</title><title>Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres</title><description>One of the objectives of the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) field experiment was to determine the scavenging of soluble trace gases by thunderstorms. We present an analysis of scavenging of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and methyl hydrogen peroxide (CH3OOH) from six DC3 cases that occurred in Oklahoma and northeast Colorado. Estimates of H2O2 scavenging efficiencies are comparable to previous studies ranging from 79 to 97% with relative uncertainties of 5–25%. CH3OOH scavenging efficiencies ranged from 12 to 84% with relative uncertainties of 18–558%. The wide range of CH3OOH scavenging efficiencies is surprising, as previous studies suggested that CH3OOH scavenging efficiencies would be <10%. Cloud chemistry model simulations of one DC3 storm produced CH3OOH scavenging efficiencies of 26–61% depending on the ice retention factor of CH3OOH during cloud drop freezing, suggesting ice physics impacts CH3OOH scavenging. The highest CH3OOH scavenging efficiencies occurred in two severe thunderstorms, but there is no obvious correlation between the CH3OOH scavenging efficiency and the storm thermodynamic environment. We found a moderate correlation between the estimated entrainment rates and CH3OOH scavenging efficiencies. Changes in gas‐phase chemistry due to lightning production of nitric oxide and aqueous‐phase chemistry have little effect on CH3OOH scavenging efficiencies. To determine why CH3OOH can be substantially removed from storms, future studies should examine effects of entrainment rate, retention of CH3OOH in frozen cloud particles during drop freezing, and lightning‐NOx production.
Key Points
Peroxide scavenging efficiencies derived from measurements
Hydrogen peroxide is readily removed by storms
Methyl hydrogen peroxide scavenging correlated with cloud physics and entrainment rate</description><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Cloud chemistry</subject><subject>Cloud particles</subject><subject>Cloud physics</subject><subject>Clouds</subject><subject>Computer simulation</subject><subject>Convective clouds</subject><subject>Convective transport</subject><subject>Correlation</subject><subject>Entrainment</subject><subject>Freezing</subject><subject>Gases</subject><subject>Geophysics</subject><subject>Hydrogen</subject><subject>Hydrogen peroxide</subject><subject>Lightning</subject><subject>Nitric oxide</subject><subject>Nitrogen compounds</subject><subject>Nitrogen oxides</subject><subject>Peroxides</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Retention</subject><subject>Scavenging</subject><subject>scavenging of peroxides</subject><subject>Severe thunderstorms</subject><subject>Storms</subject><subject>Thunderstorms</subject><subject>thunderstorms and chemistry</subject><subject>Trace gases</subject><subject>Uncertainty</subject><subject>Weather</subject><issn>2169-897X</issn><issn>2169-8996</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqF0ctKAzEUBuBBFCzVnQ8QcOPC1lwnyVJarxQEL-BuSDNndOo0qcnMaN_eSEXEhQZCDuTjJzknyw4IHhOM6QnFRFxPMeVC4q1sQEmuR0rrfPu7lo-72X6MC5yWwowLPsheJt71YNu6B9QG4-LKhxYZV6JoTQ_uqXZPyFdoBcG_1yVENF-j9rlzJYTY-rCMyM8jhB5K5HsI6Q6QBZeyGvQwvhujsgufGdMJ28t2KtNE2P86h9nD-dn95HI0u7m4mpzORpYzzUeEEwM5E1ZiwarKaqlLZQWjoCk1ai4NswC5FbJSgEVlK8koEUZgTnLDCRtmR5vcVfCvHcS2WNbRQtMYB76LBVEkx4rptP-lUnOBCWc80cNfdOG74NJHCsop0Tp1XvyliFSaqpxqnNTxRtngYwxQFatQL01YFwQXn9Msfk4zcbbhb3UD6z9tcX1xOxU0PYZ9ABvanlM</recordid><startdate>20160427</startdate><enddate>20160427</enddate><creator>Barth, M. 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Atmospheres</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Barth, M. C.</au><au>Bela, M. M.</au><au>Fried, A.</au><au>Wennberg, P. O.</au><au>Crounse, J. D.</au><au>St. Clair, J. M.</au><au>Blake, N. J.</au><au>Blake, D. R.</au><au>Homeyer, C. R.</au><au>Brune, W. H.</au><au>Zhang, L.</au><au>Mao, J.</au><au>Ren, X.</au><au>Ryerson, T. B.</au><au>Pollack, I. B.</au><au>Peischl, J.</au><au>Cohen, R. C.</au><au>Nault, B. A.</au><au>Huey, L. G.</au><au>Liu, X.</au><au>Cantrell, C. A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Convective transport and scavenging of peroxides by thunderstorms observed over the central U.S. during DC3</atitle><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres</jtitle><date>2016-04-27</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>121</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>4272</spage><epage>4295</epage><pages>4272-4295</pages><issn>2169-897X</issn><eissn>2169-8996</eissn><abstract>One of the objectives of the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) field experiment was to determine the scavenging of soluble trace gases by thunderstorms. We present an analysis of scavenging of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and methyl hydrogen peroxide (CH3OOH) from six DC3 cases that occurred in Oklahoma and northeast Colorado. Estimates of H2O2 scavenging efficiencies are comparable to previous studies ranging from 79 to 97% with relative uncertainties of 5–25%. CH3OOH scavenging efficiencies ranged from 12 to 84% with relative uncertainties of 18–558%. The wide range of CH3OOH scavenging efficiencies is surprising, as previous studies suggested that CH3OOH scavenging efficiencies would be <10%. Cloud chemistry model simulations of one DC3 storm produced CH3OOH scavenging efficiencies of 26–61% depending on the ice retention factor of CH3OOH during cloud drop freezing, suggesting ice physics impacts CH3OOH scavenging. The highest CH3OOH scavenging efficiencies occurred in two severe thunderstorms, but there is no obvious correlation between the CH3OOH scavenging efficiency and the storm thermodynamic environment. We found a moderate correlation between the estimated entrainment rates and CH3OOH scavenging efficiencies. Changes in gas‐phase chemistry due to lightning production of nitric oxide and aqueous‐phase chemistry have little effect on CH3OOH scavenging efficiencies. To determine why CH3OOH can be substantially removed from storms, future studies should examine effects of entrainment rate, retention of CH3OOH in frozen cloud particles during drop freezing, and lightning‐NOx production.
Key Points
Peroxide scavenging efficiencies derived from measurements
Hydrogen peroxide is readily removed by storms
Methyl hydrogen peroxide scavenging correlated with cloud physics and entrainment rate</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1002/2015JD024570</doi><tpages>24</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 2169-897X |
| ispartof | Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres, 2016-04, Vol.121 (8), p.4272-4295 |
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| subjects | Chemistry Cloud chemistry Cloud particles Cloud physics Clouds Computer simulation Convective clouds Convective transport Correlation Entrainment Freezing Gases Geophysics Hydrogen Hydrogen peroxide Lightning Nitric oxide Nitrogen compounds Nitrogen oxides Peroxides Physics Retention Scavenging scavenging of peroxides Severe thunderstorms Storms Thunderstorms thunderstorms and chemistry Trace gases Uncertainty Weather |
| title | Convective transport and scavenging of peroxides by thunderstorms observed over the central U.S. during DC3 |
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