Environmental applications of inorganic–organic clays for recalcitrant organic pollutants removal: Bisphenol A

[Display omitted] •Inorganic-organic clays were characterised using FTIR and BET methods.•Optimum adsorption conditions for bisphenol-A from water were investigated.•Maximum bisphenol-A adsorption capacity into inorganic-organic clay is 109.89mgg−1.•Bisphenol-A adsorption is related to the loaded surfactant amount.•Hydrophobic interactions are responsible for bisphenol-A adsorption. Bisphenol-A (BPA) adsorption onto inorganic–organic clays (IOCs) was investigated. For this purpose, IOCs synthesised using octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (ODTMA, organic modifier) and hydroxy aluminium (Al13, inorganic modifier) were used. Three intercalation methods were employed with varying ODTMA concentration in the synthesis of IOCs. Molecular interactions of clay surfaces with ODTMA and Al13 and their arrangements within the interlayers were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Surface area and porous structure of IOCs were determined by applying Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) method to N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms. Surface area decreased upon ODTMA intercalation while it increased with Al13 pillaring. As a result, BET specific surface area of IOCs was considerably higher than those of organoclays. Initial concentration of BPA, contact time and adsorbent dose significantly affected BPA adsorption into IOCs. Pseudo-second order kinetics model is the best fit for BPA adsorption into IOCs. Both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were applicable for BPA adsorption (R2>0.91) for IOCs. Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity for IOCs was as high as 109.89mgg−1 and it was closely related to the loaded ODTMA amount into the clay. Hydrophobic interactions between long alkyl chains of ODTMA and BPA are responsible for BPA adsorption into IOCs.