Dynamic loads in Francis runners and their impact on fatigue life

Reliable fatigue life assessment of Francis runners combines two parts: At first, the load universe describing how the plant will be operated. And secondly, for all essential operating conditions, component stresses due to static and dynamic loading have to be predicted and considered in the design process by the manufacturer. Therefore, dynamic loading conditions and the resulting impact on the fatigue life of hydroelectric components are an integral part of research activities. Especially off-design conditions and transient operations have been addressed in the last years. Based on strain gauge measurements in prototype runners, model test experiences, and advanced numerical simulations, the understanding of dynamic loads has been highly improved. From correlations of measurement and simulation, standard procedures have been developed to enhance the fatigue life. The present paper summarizes findings of recent investigations enabling Francis runners which combine high efficiency and a robust mechanical design.