Crystals and tablets in the Spanish ecstasy market 2000-2014: are they the same or different in terms of purity and adulteration?

Highlights • Crystal samples of ecstasy showed clear differences in relation to tablets. • Proportion of samples containing only MDMA was higher in crystals. • Caffeine was the main adulterant detected both in crystals and tablets. • Recent increase in the amount of MDMA in tablets was not observed...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Forensic science international 2016-06, Vol.263, p.164-168
Hauptverfasser:	Giné, Claudio Vidal, Vilamala, Mireia Ventura, Espinosa, Iván Fornís, Lladanosa, Cristina Gil, Álvarez, Núria Calzada, Fruitós, Ariadna Fitó, Rodríguez, Joan Rodríguez, Salvany, Antonia Domíngo, Fornell, Rafael de la Torre
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Adulterants Adulteration Amphetamines Analgesics Caffeine Chromatography Crystallization Crystals Drug Contamination Drug use Drugs Ecstasy Forensic sciences Format Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Hallucinogens - chemical synthesis Humans Illegal markets Markets MDMA Music festivals N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine - chemical synthesis Pathology Purity Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet Street Drugs - chemical synthesis Tablets Thin layer chromatography
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Beschreibung
Zusammenfassung:	Highlights • Crystal samples of ecstasy showed clear differences in relation to tablets. • Proportion of samples containing only MDMA was higher in crystals. • Caffeine was the main adulterant detected both in crystals and tablets. • Recent increase in the amount of MDMA in tablets was not observed in crystals. • Since 2009, the number of adulterants identified increased in both formats.
ISSN:	0379-0738 1872-6283
DOI:	10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.04.016