Membrane localization and topology of the DnpA protein control fluoroquinolone tolerance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

DnpA, a putative de-N-acetylase of the PIG-L superfamily, is required for antibiotic tolerance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Exactly how dnpA (gene locus PA5002) directs the formation of antibiotic-tolerant persister cells is currently unknown. Previous research provided evidence for a role in surface-associated process(es), possibly in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. In silico sequence analysis of DnpA predicts a single transmembrane domain and Nin/Cout orientation of DnpA. In contrast, we here show that DnpA is an integral inner membrane protein containing two transmembrane domains, with the major C-terminal part located at the cytoplasmic face. Correct insertion into the inner membrane is necessary for DnpA to promote fluoroquinolone tolerance. The membrane localization of DnpA further supports its role in cell envelope-associated process(es). In addition to shedding light on the biological role of DnpA, this study highlights the risks of overreliance on the predictive value of bioinformatics tools and the importance of rigorous experimental validation of in silico predictions. The DnpA de-N-acetylase is implicated in antibiotic tolerance and correct membrane insertion of DnpA is required for persistence.