Direct Synthesis of Few-Layer F‑Doped Graphene Foam and Its Lithium/Potassium Storage Properties

Heteroatom-doped graphene is considered a potential electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) systems are possible alternatives due to the comparatively higher abundance. Here, a practical solid-state method is described for the preparation of few-layer F-doped graphene foam (FFGF) with thickness of about 4 nm and high surface area (874 m2g–1). As anode material for LIBs, FFGF exhibits 800 mAh·g–1 after 50 cycles at a current density of 100 mA·g–1 and 555 mAh·g–1 after 100 cycles at 200 mA·g–1 as well as remarkable rate capability. FFGF also shows 165.9 mAh·g–1 at 500 mA·g–1 for 200 cycles for PIBs. Research suggests that the multiple synergistic effects of the F-modification, high surface area, and mesoporous membrane structures endow the ions and electrons throughout the electrode matrix with fast transportation as well as offering sufficient active sites for lithium and potassium storage, resulting in excellent electrochemical performance. Furthermore, the insights obtained will be of benefit to the design of reasonable electrode materials for alkali metal ion batteries.