Neural control of aggression in Drosophila

Highlights • Drosophila engage in a complex repertoire of aggressive behaviors. • Sensory cues from conspecific competitors, potential mates and food resources drive aggression in males. • Specific populations of aminergic and peptidergic neurons that modulate aggression have been identified. • P1 neurons trigger a persistent internal state that promotes both male courtship and aggression. • Social experience modifies aggressive behavior on short and long-term timescales.