Effect of low-level laser irradiation on the rate and short-term stability of rotational tooth movement in dogs

Introduction Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has many biostimulative effects such as acceleration of mesiodistal orthodontic tooth movement. However, its effects on the extent and short-term stability of rotational tooth movement have not been researched. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of low-level laser irradiation during rotational tooth movement on the rate of movement and the amount of relapse in dogs. Methods In this interventional study, fixed orthodontic appliances were used to rotate both mandibular lateral incisors in 8 dogs. Sixteen teeth were divided into 2 groups: the experimental group with LLLT during orthodontic force application, and a control group with orthodontic couple force application only. In the first group, the gallium-aluminum-arsenide diode laser (810 nm, 200 mw, 10 seconds, 2 J/session, 32 J/cm2 /point) was emitted on 2 points at the buccal side of the roots on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 during 4 weeks of movement, and the amount of relapse was then observed for 3 months. The extent of rotational movement was measured on dental casts, and the statistical analysis was carried out with t tests. Results There was no significant difference between the LLLT group and the control group on the amount of rotational tooth movement ( P = 0.66). The mean percentages of relapse after 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months were 33.02%, 53.44%, and 60.64% in the LLLT group and 54.22%, 68.74%, and 73.92% in the control group, respectively. This demonstrates significant differences between these groups at all studied times ( P ≤0.05). This difference was greatest in the first week and then decreased until the end of the third month. The greatest percentage of relapse in both groups was registered in the first week after tooth movement. Conclusions The total energy dose of the laser used in this study could not accelerate rotational tooth movement, but it did effectively reduce the relapse tendency in teeth rotated by orthodontic movements.