Fungal meningitis caused by Lomentospora prolificans after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Central nervous system lomentosporiosis is a rare pathological condition in immunocompromised patients. We describe a fatal case of meningitis caused by Lomentospora prolificans (which was previously named Scedosporium prolificans), after an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). To our knowledge, no cases of Lomentospora meningitis following allo‐HSCT have been reported previously. Particularly in neutropenic patients, it is important to consider L. prolificans when a fungal infection is suspected and antifungal agents are ineffective.