GaAlAs laser-induced pulp mineralization involves dentin matrix protein 1 and osteopontin expression

Objectives GaAlAs lasers induce pulp mineralization by promoting reparative dentinogenesis. This study analyzed the expression of dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) and osteopontin in GaAlAs laser‐irradiated rat molars, to examine the hypothesis that these proteins play a role in the laser‐induced reparative dentinogenic process. Materials and methods The mesial surfaces of the upper first molars of 8‐week‐old Wistar rats were irradiated with a pulsed GaAlAs laser. After 1–14 days, mRNA expression of DMP1 and osteopontin in the coronal pulp was analyzed using real‐time PCR. DMP1, osteopontin, and heat shock protein 25 (HSP25) were immunolocalized at 1–21 days. Results The pulp exhibited a degenerative zone in its mesial portion on days 1–3, and progressive formation of reparative dentin lined with HSP25‐immunoreactive odontoblast‐like cells, from day 7 onwards. DMP1 and osteopontin mRNA expression were significantly upregulated on days 1–7 and 3–7, respectively. From day 7 onwards, DMP1 and osteopontin immunoreactivity colocalized along the boundary between the primary and reparative dentin. Conclusion GaAlAs laser irradiation of rat molars induced upregulated DMP1 and osteopontin mRNA expression in the coronal pulp, followed by the formation of reparative dentin and the colocalization of DMP1 and osteopontin immunoreactivity at the site at which this tissue first appeared.