Twenty year fitness trends in young adults and incidence of prediabetes and diabetes: the CARDIA study
Aims/hypothesis The prospective association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) measured in young adulthood and middle age on development of prediabetes, defined as impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance, or diabetes by middle age remains unknown. We hypothesised that higher...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Diabetologia 2016-08, Vol.59 (8), p.1659-1665 |
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| creator | Chow, Lisa S. Odegaard, Andrew O. Bosch, Tyler A. Bantle, Anne E. Wang, Qi Hughes, John Carnethon, Mercedes Ingram, Katherine H. Durant, Nefertiti Lewis, Cora E. Ryder, Justin Shay, Christina M. Kelly, Aaron S. Schreiner, Pamela J. |
| description | Aims/hypothesis
The prospective association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) measured in young adulthood and middle age on development of prediabetes, defined as impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance, or diabetes by middle age remains unknown. We hypothesised that higher fitness levels would be associated with reduced risk for developing incident prediabetes/diabetes by middle age.
Methods
Participants were from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study who were free from prediabetes/diabetes at baseline (year 0 [Y0]: 1985–1986). CRF was quantified by treadmill duration (converted to metabolic equivalents [METs]) at Y0, Y7 and Y20 and prediabetes/diabetes status was assessed at Y0, Y7, Y10, Y15, Y20 and Y25. We use an extended Cox model with CRF as the primary time-varying exposure. BMI was included as a time-varying covariate. The outcome was development of either prediabetes or diabetes after Y0. Model 1 included age, race, sex, field centre, CRF and BMI. Model 2 additionally included baseline (Y0) smoking, energy intake, alcohol intake, education, systolic BP, BP medication use and lipid profile.
Results
Higher fitness was associated with lower risk for developing incident prediabetes/diabetes (difference of 1 MET: HR 0.99898 [95% CI 0.99861, 0.99940],
p
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| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00125-016-3969-5 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1808650826</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1801426387</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-p245t-7ee0744767ebca67db1bb574a38cd0491429ae093ac86b7181d84dd5abb6caf03</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkU9r3DAQxUVpSDZpPkAvRdBLL05GlizJvS3b_FlYCIQN9CYka7x12JW3lkzwt4_N7kLpKadh5v2Y4c0j5CuDGwagbiMAy4sMmMx4Kcus-ERmTPA8A5Hrz2Q2yRnT8vcFuYzxFQB4IeQ5ucgV00yCmJF6_YYhDXRA29G6SQFjpKnD4CNtAh3aPmyo9f02RWqDH2dV4zFUSNua7jv0jXWY8CCemp80_UG6mD__Ws5pTL0fvpCz2m4jXh_rFXm5v1svHrPV08NyMV9l-1wUKVOIoIRQUqGrrFTeMecKJSzXlQdRMpGXFqHkttLSTSa8Ft4X1jlZ2Rr4Fflx2Lvv2r89xmR2Taxwu7UB2z4apkHLAnQuP4KO5yTXakS__4e-tn0XRiMTBSWTXE7UtyPVux16s--ane0Gc3r2COQHII5S2GD3zxowU6LmkKgZEzVToqbg7xOXkAk</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1800916367</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Twenty year fitness trends in young adults and incidence of prediabetes and diabetes: the CARDIA study</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><creator>Chow, Lisa S. ; Odegaard, Andrew O. ; Bosch, Tyler A. ; Bantle, Anne E. ; Wang, Qi ; Hughes, John ; Carnethon, Mercedes ; Ingram, Katherine H. ; Durant, Nefertiti ; Lewis, Cora E. ; Ryder, Justin ; Shay, Christina M. ; Kelly, Aaron S. ; Schreiner, Pamela J.</creator><creatorcontrib>Chow, Lisa S. ; Odegaard, Andrew O. ; Bosch, Tyler A. ; Bantle, Anne E. ; Wang, Qi ; Hughes, John ; Carnethon, Mercedes ; Ingram, Katherine H. ; Durant, Nefertiti ; Lewis, Cora E. ; Ryder, Justin ; Shay, Christina M. ; Kelly, Aaron S. ; Schreiner, Pamela J.</creatorcontrib><description>Aims/hypothesis
The prospective association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) measured in young adulthood and middle age on development of prediabetes, defined as impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance, or diabetes by middle age remains unknown. We hypothesised that higher fitness levels would be associated with reduced risk for developing incident prediabetes/diabetes by middle age.
Methods
Participants were from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study who were free from prediabetes/diabetes at baseline (year 0 [Y0]: 1985–1986). CRF was quantified by treadmill duration (converted to metabolic equivalents [METs]) at Y0, Y7 and Y20 and prediabetes/diabetes status was assessed at Y0, Y7, Y10, Y15, Y20 and Y25. We use an extended Cox model with CRF as the primary time-varying exposure. BMI was included as a time-varying covariate. The outcome was development of either prediabetes or diabetes after Y0. Model 1 included age, race, sex, field centre, CRF and BMI. Model 2 additionally included baseline (Y0) smoking, energy intake, alcohol intake, education, systolic BP, BP medication use and lipid profile.
Results
Higher fitness was associated with lower risk for developing incident prediabetes/diabetes (difference of 1 MET: HR 0.99898 [95% CI 0.99861, 0.99940],
p
< 0.01), which persisted (difference of 1 MET: HR 0.99872 [95% CI 0.99840, 0.99904],
p
< 0.01] when adjusting for covariates.
Conclusions/interpretation
Examining participants who had fitness measured from young adulthood to middle age, we found that fitness was associated with lower risk for developing prediabetes/diabetes, even when adjusting for BMI over this time period. These findings emphasise the importance of fitness in reducing the health burden of prediabetes and diabetes.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0012-186X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-0428</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3969-5</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27181604</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Pressure - physiology ; Cardiovascular disease ; Cohort Studies ; Coronary vessels ; Diabetes ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology ; Epidemiology ; Exercise ; Female ; Fitness equipment ; Glucose ; Human Physiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Internal Medicine ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Metabolic Diseases ; Metabolic syndrome ; Middle age ; Mortality ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Pediatrics ; Physical fitness ; Physical Fitness - physiology ; Prediabetic State - epidemiology ; Preventive medicine ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Trends ; Veins & arteries ; Young Adult ; Young adults</subject><ispartof>Diabetologia, 2016-08, Vol.59 (8), p.1659-1665</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-p245t-7ee0744767ebca67db1bb574a38cd0491429ae093ac86b7181d84dd5abb6caf03</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00125-016-3969-5$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00125-016-3969-5$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27181604$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chow, Lisa S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Odegaard, Andrew O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bosch, Tyler A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bantle, Anne E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Qi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hughes, John</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carnethon, Mercedes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ingram, Katherine H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Durant, Nefertiti</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lewis, Cora E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ryder, Justin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shay, Christina M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kelly, Aaron S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schreiner, Pamela J.</creatorcontrib><title>Twenty year fitness trends in young adults and incidence of prediabetes and diabetes: the CARDIA study</title><title>Diabetologia</title><addtitle>Diabetologia</addtitle><addtitle>Diabetologia</addtitle><description>Aims/hypothesis
The prospective association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) measured in young adulthood and middle age on development of prediabetes, defined as impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance, or diabetes by middle age remains unknown. We hypothesised that higher fitness levels would be associated with reduced risk for developing incident prediabetes/diabetes by middle age.
Methods
Participants were from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study who were free from prediabetes/diabetes at baseline (year 0 [Y0]: 1985–1986). CRF was quantified by treadmill duration (converted to metabolic equivalents [METs]) at Y0, Y7 and Y20 and prediabetes/diabetes status was assessed at Y0, Y7, Y10, Y15, Y20 and Y25. We use an extended Cox model with CRF as the primary time-varying exposure. BMI was included as a time-varying covariate. The outcome was development of either prediabetes or diabetes after Y0. Model 1 included age, race, sex, field centre, CRF and BMI. Model 2 additionally included baseline (Y0) smoking, energy intake, alcohol intake, education, systolic BP, BP medication use and lipid profile.
Results
Higher fitness was associated with lower risk for developing incident prediabetes/diabetes (difference of 1 MET: HR 0.99898 [95% CI 0.99861, 0.99940],
p
< 0.01), which persisted (difference of 1 MET: HR 0.99872 [95% CI 0.99840, 0.99904],
p
< 0.01] when adjusting for covariates.
Conclusions/interpretation
Examining participants who had fitness measured from young adulthood to middle age, we found that fitness was associated with lower risk for developing prediabetes/diabetes, even when adjusting for BMI over this time period. These findings emphasise the importance of fitness in reducing the health burden of prediabetes and diabetes.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Blood Pressure - physiology</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Coronary vessels</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Exercise</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fitness equipment</subject><subject>Glucose</subject><subject>Human Physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Metabolic Diseases</subject><subject>Metabolic syndrome</subject><subject>Middle age</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Multicenter Studies as Topic</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>Physical fitness</subject><subject>Physical Fitness - physiology</subject><subject>Prediabetic State - epidemiology</subject><subject>Preventive medicine</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Trends</subject><subject>Veins & arteries</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><subject>Young adults</subject><issn>0012-186X</issn><issn>1432-0428</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkU9r3DAQxUVpSDZpPkAvRdBLL05GlizJvS3b_FlYCIQN9CYka7x12JW3lkzwt4_N7kLpKadh5v2Y4c0j5CuDGwagbiMAy4sMmMx4Kcus-ERmTPA8A5Hrz2Q2yRnT8vcFuYzxFQB4IeQ5ucgV00yCmJF6_YYhDXRA29G6SQFjpKnD4CNtAh3aPmyo9f02RWqDH2dV4zFUSNua7jv0jXWY8CCemp80_UG6mD__Ws5pTL0fvpCz2m4jXh_rFXm5v1svHrPV08NyMV9l-1wUKVOIoIRQUqGrrFTeMecKJSzXlQdRMpGXFqHkttLSTSa8Ft4X1jlZ2Rr4Fflx2Lvv2r89xmR2Taxwu7UB2z4apkHLAnQuP4KO5yTXakS__4e-tn0XRiMTBSWTXE7UtyPVux16s--ane0Gc3r2COQHII5S2GD3zxowU6LmkKgZEzVToqbg7xOXkAk</recordid><startdate>20160801</startdate><enddate>20160801</enddate><creator>Chow, Lisa S.</creator><creator>Odegaard, Andrew O.</creator><creator>Bosch, Tyler A.</creator><creator>Bantle, Anne E.</creator><creator>Wang, Qi</creator><creator>Hughes, John</creator><creator>Carnethon, Mercedes</creator><creator>Ingram, Katherine H.</creator><creator>Durant, Nefertiti</creator><creator>Lewis, Cora E.</creator><creator>Ryder, Justin</creator><creator>Shay, Christina M.</creator><creator>Kelly, Aaron S.</creator><creator>Schreiner, Pamela J.</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160801</creationdate><title>Twenty year fitness trends in young adults and incidence of prediabetes and diabetes: the CARDIA study</title><author>Chow, Lisa S. ; Odegaard, Andrew O. ; Bosch, Tyler A. ; Bantle, Anne E. ; Wang, Qi ; Hughes, John ; Carnethon, Mercedes ; Ingram, Katherine H. ; Durant, Nefertiti ; Lewis, Cora E. ; Ryder, Justin ; Shay, Christina M. ; Kelly, Aaron S. ; Schreiner, Pamela J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-p245t-7ee0744767ebca67db1bb574a38cd0491429ae093ac86b7181d84dd5abb6caf03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Blood Pressure - physiology</topic><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Coronary vessels</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Exercise</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fitness equipment</topic><topic>Glucose</topic><topic>Human Physiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Incidence</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Metabolic Diseases</topic><topic>Metabolic syndrome</topic><topic>Middle age</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Multicenter Studies as Topic</topic><topic>Pediatrics</topic><topic>Physical fitness</topic><topic>Physical Fitness - physiology</topic><topic>Prediabetic State - epidemiology</topic><topic>Preventive medicine</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Trends</topic><topic>Veins & arteries</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><topic>Young adults</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chow, Lisa S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Odegaard, Andrew O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bosch, Tyler A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bantle, Anne E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Qi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hughes, John</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carnethon, Mercedes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ingram, Katherine H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Durant, Nefertiti</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lewis, Cora E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ryder, Justin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shay, Christina M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kelly, Aaron S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schreiner, Pamela J.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Diabetologia</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chow, Lisa S.</au><au>Odegaard, Andrew O.</au><au>Bosch, Tyler A.</au><au>Bantle, Anne E.</au><au>Wang, Qi</au><au>Hughes, John</au><au>Carnethon, Mercedes</au><au>Ingram, Katherine H.</au><au>Durant, Nefertiti</au><au>Lewis, Cora E.</au><au>Ryder, Justin</au><au>Shay, Christina M.</au><au>Kelly, Aaron S.</au><au>Schreiner, Pamela J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Twenty year fitness trends in young adults and incidence of prediabetes and diabetes: the CARDIA study</atitle><jtitle>Diabetologia</jtitle><stitle>Diabetologia</stitle><addtitle>Diabetologia</addtitle><date>2016-08-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>59</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>1659</spage><epage>1665</epage><pages>1659-1665</pages><issn>0012-186X</issn><eissn>1432-0428</eissn><abstract>Aims/hypothesis
The prospective association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) measured in young adulthood and middle age on development of prediabetes, defined as impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance, or diabetes by middle age remains unknown. We hypothesised that higher fitness levels would be associated with reduced risk for developing incident prediabetes/diabetes by middle age.
Methods
Participants were from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study who were free from prediabetes/diabetes at baseline (year 0 [Y0]: 1985–1986). CRF was quantified by treadmill duration (converted to metabolic equivalents [METs]) at Y0, Y7 and Y20 and prediabetes/diabetes status was assessed at Y0, Y7, Y10, Y15, Y20 and Y25. We use an extended Cox model with CRF as the primary time-varying exposure. BMI was included as a time-varying covariate. The outcome was development of either prediabetes or diabetes after Y0. Model 1 included age, race, sex, field centre, CRF and BMI. Model 2 additionally included baseline (Y0) smoking, energy intake, alcohol intake, education, systolic BP, BP medication use and lipid profile.
Results
Higher fitness was associated with lower risk for developing incident prediabetes/diabetes (difference of 1 MET: HR 0.99898 [95% CI 0.99861, 0.99940],
p
< 0.01), which persisted (difference of 1 MET: HR 0.99872 [95% CI 0.99840, 0.99904],
p
< 0.01] when adjusting for covariates.
Conclusions/interpretation
Examining participants who had fitness measured from young adulthood to middle age, we found that fitness was associated with lower risk for developing prediabetes/diabetes, even when adjusting for BMI over this time period. These findings emphasise the importance of fitness in reducing the health burden of prediabetes and diabetes.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>27181604</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00125-016-3969-5</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0012-186X |
| ispartof | Diabetologia, 2016-08, Vol.59 (8), p.1659-1665 |
| issn | 0012-186X 1432-0428 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Blood Pressure - physiology Cardiovascular disease Cohort Studies Coronary vessels Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology Epidemiology Exercise Female Fitness equipment Glucose Human Physiology Humans Incidence Internal Medicine Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metabolic Diseases Metabolic syndrome Middle age Mortality Multicenter Studies as Topic Pediatrics Physical fitness Physical Fitness - physiology Prediabetic State - epidemiology Preventive medicine Prospective Studies Risk Factors Trends Veins & arteries Young Adult Young adults |
| title | Twenty year fitness trends in young adults and incidence of prediabetes and diabetes: the CARDIA study |
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