First Report of Grapevine Pinot gris virus in Grapevine in Turkey

Symptoms of leaf deformation and mottling with reduced fruit yield and quality have been observed on grapevines of cultivars such as Chardonnay, Emir, Kadin parmagi, Muscat of Hamburg, and Pinot noir in Tekirdag Province, Turkey, starting in 2014. To verify that the disease was caused by a virus, eighteen suspicious samples were collected and tested for Grapevine leafroll-associated virus(GLRaV) 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7; Grapevine virus A(GVA); Grapevine fanleaf virus(GFLV); and Grapevine fleck virus(GFkV) by DAS-ELISA (Bioreba, Switzerland); and for Grapevine Pinot gris virus(GPGV) by RT-PCR. For RT-PCR, total RNA was extracted from cortical scrapings of dormant canes using a RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Valencia, CA). Synthesis of complementary DNA was performed with a commercial cDNA synthesis kit (ThermoScientific, USA). According to ELISA results, all tested grapevines except those of Muscat of Hamburg were found infected by GLRaV-1, GLRaV-3, GFLV, and GFkV. In RT-PCR tests, DNA fragments of 411 and 302 bp corresponding to part of the coat protein (CP) and movement protein (MP) genes of GPGV were amplified from five samples using primers described by Glasa et al. (2014). All PCR products were directly sequenced on both strands and the sequence of the CP and MP genes were deposited in GenBank as Accession Nos. KR071599 to KR071603 and KT267248 to KT267252, respectively. The CP gene nucleotide sequences shared the highest sequence identity at the nucleotide level (96 to 99%) with isolate "Mer" from France (KM491305), whereas the MP gene nucleotide sequences shared 98 to 100% nucleotide identity with isolate SK107 from Slovakia (KF134126.1). GPGV is a recently characterized grapevine virus and is a new species in the genus Trichovirus(Betaflexiviridae) (Giampetruzzi et al. 2012). It was described previously in Italy, South Korea, Slovenia, Greece, Slovakia, Czech Republic, and France. To our knowledge this is the first report of GPGV on local and foreign grapevine cultivars in Turkey.