Development of a Manipulative for Nephron Physiology Education

Some physiological concepts, such as physiology of filtration and absorption in the different nephron segments, are so detailed that they can be a challenge to be memorized. This article describes an exercise that solidifies learning as students manipulate, using paper models, "transporters" and "electrolytes" in the basolateral and luminal membranes of "nephron cells." Most important is the opportunity for the students to apply and test their own knowledge related to changes that occur in physiological processes, such as excess of salt or water intake or blood volume alterations, or pathology, such as syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, among many other applications. This nephron manipulative model is simple and inexpensive to implement. It may be particularly useful in educational settings with limited financial resources that seek to implement small- or large-group active learning sessions. The manipulative also gives instructors a great deal of flexibility in its use.