Primary aspects of technogenic deposits at the modern stage: The example of the Tyrnyauz deposit

The explored resources of various ore types in Russia and worldwide are decreasing (the volumes of mining of natural resources from the Earth's interiors exceed the increase in reserves). Partial solution of this problem includes an increase in the role of secondary resources, such as wastes of miningprocessing (MPF) and miningmetallurgical (MMF) factories. There are two aspects of utilization of secondary wastes: (1) use of secondary resources is sometimes profitable; (2) ecological and social problems of the regions are solved.