Wetland tree transpiration modified by river‐floodplain connectivity

Hydrologic connectivity provisions water and nutrient subsidies to floodplain wetlands and may be particularly important in floodplains with seasonal water deficits through its effects on soil moisture. In this study, we measured sapflow in 26 trees of two dominant floodplain forest species (Celtis laevigata and Quercus lyrata) at two hydrologically distinct sites in the lower White River floodplain in Arkansas, USA. Our objective was to investigate how connectivity‐driven water table variations affected water use, an indicator of tree function. Meteorological variables (photosynthetically active radiation and vapor pressure deficit) were the dominant controls over water use at both sites; however, water table variations explained some site differences. At the wetter site, highest sapflow rates were during a late‐season overbank flooding event, and no flood stress was apparent. At the drier site, sapflow decreased as the water table receded. The late‐season flood pulse that resulted in flooding at the wetter site did not affect the water table at the drier site; accordingly, higher water use was not observed at the drier site. The species generally associated with wetter conditions (Q. lyrata) was more positively responsive to the flood pulse. Flood water subsidy lengthened the effective growing season, demonstrating ecological implications of hydrologic connectivity for alleviating water deficits that otherwise reduce function in this humid floodplain wetland. Key Points A late‐season flood pulse resulted in increased transpiration at the high connectivity site, and no flood stress effects were evident At the disconnected site, the water table did not respond to river flooding and transpiration rates declined, showing water table dependence The wetter associated species benefitted more from late‐season flooding than the drier associated species, explaining species interactions