Post-mortem levels and tissue distribution of codeine, codeine-6-glucuronide, norcodeine, morphine and morphine glucuronides in a series of codeine-related deaths

Highlights • Tissue distribution of codeine and metabolites in codeine-related deaths is presented. • Concentrations were lower in brain, fat, muscle and vitreous fluid than in blood. • In brain, the active moieties morphine and M6G were

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Veröffentlicht in:	Forensic science international 2016-05, Vol.262, p.128-137
Hauptverfasser:	Frost, Joachim, Løkken, Trine Nordgård, Helland, Arne, Nordrum, Ivar Skjåk, Slørdal, Lars
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Adipose Tissue - chemistry Adult Aged Analgesics Blood Brain Brain Chemistry Chromatography Chromatography, Liquid Codeine Codeine - analogs & derivatives Codeine - analysis Codeine - pharmacokinetics Cytochrome Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 - genetics Death Extraction Fatalities Female Forensic science Forensic sciences Forensic Toxicology Genotype Genotype & phenotype Heart Humans Intoxication Investigations Libraries Male Mass Spectrometry Mathematical analysis Metabolism Metabolites Methods Middle Aged Morphine Morphine - analysis Morphine - pharmacokinetics Morphine Derivatives - analysis Morphine Derivatives - pharmacokinetics Muscle, Skeletal - chemistry Narcotics Norway - epidemiology Pathology Post-mortem Postmortem Changes Scientific imaging Solid Phase Extraction Standard deviation Substance-Related Disorders - mortality Tissue Distribution Toxicity Toxicology Urine Vitreous Body - chemistry Young Adult
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Zusammenfassung:	Highlights • Tissue distribution of codeine and metabolites in codeine-related deaths is presented. • Concentrations were lower in brain, fat, muscle and vitreous fluid than in blood. • In brain, the active moieties morphine and M6G were
ISSN:	0379-0738 1872-6283
DOI:	10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.02.051