Study on basic hydrologic and meteorological parameters in the ice-covered Bohai Sea

Based on the sea ice investigation in Liaodong Bay and observation on Platform JZ20-2 in January, 1997, the basic hydrologic and meteorological parameters in the Bohai Sea are studied. These parameters consist of solar short wave radiation, long wave radiation, wind velocity, air humidity and some thermal properties of the sea ice. The following is obtained: (1) solar short wave radiation is an important factor affecting the energy balance in the Bohai Sea, and the simplified form of Laevastu (1960) formula can be used to calculate it in the Bohai Sea, (2) the air humidity is about 50% above the sea ice surface, and about 90% above seawater surface in winter according to the observations, (3) wind velocity and air temperature is another two important factors affecting energy balance, the stronger the wind is and the lower the temperature is, the more energy of the sea surface loses, (4) the net long wave loss of the sea surface is almost static in winter, (5) in the Bohai Sea, the thermal conductivity and latent heat of seawater condensation can be regarded as constant, but the specific heat is varying within a sizable range.