Structure and Bonding Nature of the Strained Lewis Acid 3-Methyl-1-boraadamantane: A Case Study Employing a New Data-Analysis Procedure in Gas Electron Diffraction

Base‐free 3‐methyl‐1‐boraadamantane was synthesized by starting from its known THF adduct, transforming it to a butylate‐complex with n‐butyllithium, cleaving the cage with acetyl chloride to give 3‐n‐butyl‐5‐methyl‐7‐methylene‐3‐borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane and closing the cage again by reacting the latter with dicyclohexylborane. The identity of 3‐methyl‐1‐boraadamantane was proven by 1H, 11B and 13C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The experimental equilibrium structure of the free 3‐methyl‐1‐boraadamantane molecules has been determined at 100 °C by using gas‐phase electron diffraction. For this structure determination, an improved method for data analysis has been introduced and tested: the structural refinement versus gas‐phase electron diffraction data (in terms of Cartesian coordinates) with a set of quantum‐chemically derived regularization constraints for the complete structure under optimization of a regularization constant, which maximizes the contribution of experimental data while retaining a stable refinement. The detailed analysis of parameter errors shows that the new approach allows obtaining more reliable results. The most important structural parameters are: re(B‐C)av=1.556(5) Å, ${\angle }$e(C‐B‐C)av=116.5(2)°. The configuration of the boron atom is pyramidal with ${\sum \angle }$(C‐B‐C)=349.4(4)°. The nature of bonding was analyzed further by applying the natural bond orbital (NBO) and atoms in molecules (AIM) approaches. The experimentally observed shortening of the BC bonds and elongation of the adjacent CC bonds can be explained by the σ(C‐C)→p(B) hyperconjugation model. Both NBO and AIM analyses predict that the BC bonds are significantly bent in the direction out of the cage. Basis for bonding: Base‐free 3‐methyl‐1‐boraadamantane was synthesized and studied by gas‐phase electron diffraction at 100 °C. The configuration of the boron atom is pyramidal with ${{\sum \angle }}$(C‐B‐C)=349.4(4)°. The nature of bonding was analyzed by applying the natural bond orbital (NBO) and atoms in molecules (AIM) approaches. The shortening of the BC bonds and elongation of the adjacent CC bonds is explained by the σ(C‐C)→p(B) hyperconjugation (see figure).