INNOVATION REVIEW: Closed, Open, Collaborative, Disruptive, Inclusive, Nested... and soon Reverse How about the Metrics: Dream and Reality

Innovation is a subject of massive interest. It is multiple and subject to overlapping descriptors: Closed, Open, Collaborative, Disruptive, Inclusive, Nested and soon Reverse. Innovation is not the idea but what you do with it. Most results suggest that "raw patent data is an imperfect proxy for innovation." Patent exploration constitutes a wealth of innovation potential, as simple as image analysis to combinatorial therefrom. Most comments on innovation are introduced in the fifth chapter on Innovation, hosted by IJIAS; some are illustrated with case studies addressing disruptiveness, academia relationship, publication co-occurrence, spending, metrics, etc. More than 80 reviews and detailed third party documented viewpoints have been cited and used to address the various subject matters; these are considerable wells of information which the readers may use for a more in depth study of one or the other particular topic.