The influence of microclimate on architectural projects: a bioclimatic analysis of the single-family detached house in Spain’s Mediterranean climate

As a departure from the standard bioclimatic models for architectural design which are based on regional climatic conditions, this study argues for the need to adapt architecture to the local microclimate in order to achieve maximum energy efficiency with regard to indoor thermal conditioning for the benefit of the occupants. Taking a commonly accepted, conventional bioclimatic housing model as a starting point, this study analyses the effect of passive systems of energy usage (based on orientation, shape and materials) in the transfer of heat across all facades between the microclimatic conditions outside the house and the interior of the house, thereby affecting internal comfort conditions. An optimised bioclimatic model which achieves a greater reduction in energy consumption has been established through the manipulation of these elements. The study, which uses the typology of the single-family house, was carried out in the municipality of Estepona, taken as a model city with respect to the process of urban consolidation within the Mediterranean enclave in the south of Spain. The analysis demonstrates that the optimised housing model significantly improves the daily thermal performance of the house as well as heating and cooling loads. Therefore, the adaptation of architecture to microclimatic conditions may be used as a basic strategy in the design and construction of more efficient housing.