Intensive sequential chemotherapy with hematopoietic growth factor support for non‐Hodgkin lymphoma in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus

BACKGROUND Optimal treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐associated non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has yet to be defined, because chemotherapy could exacerbate immunodeficiency, with subsequent adverse effects for patients. METHODS The authors investigated the feasibility of an intensive chemotherapy regimen for HIV‐associated NHL. Thirty‐eight patients were treated with a first course of cyclophosphamide (Cy), vincristine, and prednisone; followed by 3 courses of high‐dose Cy (2000 mg/m2), doxorubicin (Doxo; 50 mg/m2), vincristine, and prednisone (modified high‐dose CHOP); 1 course of high‐dose methotrexate (MTX; 8000 mg/m2); and 1 course of high‐dose cytarabine (8000 mg/m2). Radiotherapy was added to the treatment regimen for patients with bulky disease or residual tumor. Chemotherapy was administered in conjunction with granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor and antiretroviral therapy. RESULTS Patients received 91.5%, 93%, 66%, and 63% of the scheduled doses of Cy, Doxo, MTX, and cytarabine, respectively. The complete response rate was 60.5%, with a total response rate of 79%. The 40‐month overall survival rate was 43%, the disease‐free survival rate was 65%, and the recurrence‐free survival rate was 39%. Both an International Prognostic Index score of 0 or 1 and Burkitt‐type histology had positive effects on survival, whereas CD4‐positive lymphocyte counts, viral burden, and previous highly active antiretroviral therapy did not. CD4‐positive T lymphocyte levels decreased from 0.197 ± 0.156 ×109/L before treatment to 0.152 ± 0.1 ×109/L at 6 months after the end of treatment. A decrease in viral load, from 380,000 ± 785,000 copies/mL before treatment to 25,000 ± 43,000 copies/mL at 6 months after the end of treatment, also was observed. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study indicate that intensive chemotherapy is effective and tolerable for patients with HIV‐associated NHL. Cancer 2004;100:667–76. © 2004 American Cancer Society. In the current study, the authors demonstrated the feasibility of high‐dose chemotherapy for patients with human immunodeficiency virus–related lymphoma. In addition, they identified prognostic factors and evaluated the effects of intensive chemotherapy on immune status and viral status.