Lipid raft proteins have a random distribution during localized activation of the T-cell receptor

The extent to which lipid raft proteins are organized in functional clusters within the plasma membrane is central to the debate on structure and function of rafts 1 , 2 , 3 . Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked proteins are characteristic components of biochemically defined rafts 1 , 4 , 5 . Several studies report a function for rafts in T-cell stimulation 6 , 7 , 8 , but it is unclear whether molecules involved in T-cell receptor (TCR) signalling are recruited to (or excluded from) T-cell synapses through asymmetric distribution of raft microdomains or through specific protein–protein interactions 9 , 10 . Here we used FRET analysis 11 in live cells to determine whether GPI-linked proteins are clustered in the plasma membrane of unstimulated cells, and at regions where TCR signalling has been activated using antibody-coated beads. Multiple criteria suggested that FRET between different GPI-linked fluorescent proteins in COS-7 or unstimulated Jurkat T-cells is generated by a random, un-clustered distribution. Stimulation of TCR signalling in Jurkat cells resulted in localized increases in fluorescence of GPI-linked fluorescent proteins and cholera toxin B-subunit (CTB) 12 . However, measurements of FRET and ratio imaging showed that there was no detectable clustering and no overall enrichment of GPI-linked proteins or CTB in these regions.