The Attentional Demand of Automobile Driving Revisited: Occlusion Distance as a Function of Task-Relevant Event Density in Realistic Driving Scenarios
Objective: We studied the utility of occlusion distance as a function of task-relevant event density in realistic traffic scenarios with self-controlled speed. Background: The visual occlusion technique is an established method for assessing visual demands of driving. However, occlusion time is not...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Human factors 2016-02, Vol.58 (1), p.163-180 |
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Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | Objective:
We studied the utility of occlusion distance as a function of task-relevant
event density in realistic traffic scenarios with self-controlled speed.
Background:
The visual occlusion technique is an established method for assessing visual
demands of driving. However, occlusion time is not a highly informative
measure of environmental task-relevant event density in self-paced driving
scenarios because it partials out the effects of changes in driving
speed.
Method:
Self-determined occlusion times and distances of 97 drivers with varying
backgrounds were analyzed in driving scenarios simulating real Finnish
suburban and highway traffic environments with self-determined vehicle
speed.
Results:
Occlusion distances varied systematically with the expected environmental
demands of the manipulated driving scenarios whereas the distributions of
occlusion times remained more static across the scenarios. Systematic
individual differences in the preferred occlusion distances were observed.
More experienced drivers achieved better lane-keeping accuracy than
inexperienced drivers with similar occlusion distances; however, driving
experience was unexpectedly not a major factor for the preferred occlusion
distances.
Conclusion:
Occlusion distance seems to be an informative measure for assessing
task-relevant event density in realistic traffic scenarios with
self-controlled speed. Occlusion time measures the visual demand of driving
as the task-relevant event rate in time intervals, whereas occlusion
distance measures the experienced task-relevant event density in distance
intervals.
Application:
The findings can be utilized in context-aware distraction mitigation systems,
human–automated vehicle interaction, road speed prediction and design, as
well as in the testing of visual in-vehicle tasks for inappropriate
in-vehicle glancing behaviors in any dynamic traffic scenario for which
appropriate individual occlusion distances can be defined. |
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ISSN: | 0018-7208 1547-8181 |
DOI: | 10.1177/0018720815595901 |