Femtosecond two-photon Rabi oscillations in excited He driven by ultrashort intense laser fields

Two-photon Rabi oscillations are observed in He on a timescale of 10 fs by utilizing the strong-field phenomenon known as Freeman resonance. The importance of ponderomotive shifts of both the Rydberg states and the ionization limit is highlighted. Coherent light–matter interaction provides powerful methods for manipulating quantum systems 1 , 2 , 3 . Rabi oscillation is one such process. As it enables complete population transfer to a target state, it is thus routinely exploited in a variety of applications in photonics, notably quantum information processing 4 , 5 . The extension of coherent control techniques to the multiphoton regime offers wider applicability, and access to highly excited or dipole-forbidden transition states. However, the multiphoton Rabi process is often disrupted by other competing nonlinear effects such as the a.c. Stark shift, especially at the high laser-field intensities necessary to achieve ultrafast Rabi oscillations 6 . Here we demonstrate a new route to drive two-photon Rabi oscillations on timescales as short as tens of femtoseconds, by utilizing the strong-field phenomenon known as Freeman resonance 7 . The scenario is not specific to atomic helium as investigated in the present study, but broadly applicable to other systems, thus opening new prospects for the ultrafast manipulation of Rydberg states 8 .