Physicochemical properties and mineralization assessment of porous polymethylmethacrylate cement loaded with hydroxyapatite in simulated body fluid

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as a pore generator and hydroxyapatite (HA) as an osteoconductive agent on the physicochemical properties and in-vitro mineralization ability of porous polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement. To this end, various compositions of PMMA cements, which differed in amount of millimeter-sized hydroxyapatite (HA) particles and CMC hydrogel, were prepared and immersed into simulated body fluid (SBF) for 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28days. It was demonstrated that the incorporation of CMC hydrogel decreased the maximum temperature of cement to the normal body temperature and prolonged the handling time during polymerization. Further, the amount of CMC was responsible for the creation of porosity and interconnectivity, which in turn determined the final mechanical properties of cements. The loaded HA particles enhanced the potential bioactivity of cement for bone ingrowth. Albeit different amount of HA particles influenced their final exposures on the surface of cured cement, all of the three amounts of HA did not weaken the final mechanical properties of cements. The data here suggests that the HA particle loaded porous PMMA cement can serve as the promising candidate for bone reconstruction. [Display omitted] •Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) prolonged the handling time of cements during polymerization.•CMC hydrogel was responsible for the overall porosity of cements.•The addition of hydroxyapatite (HA) particles enhanced the biomineralization ability of cements.•The amount of CMC hydrogel determined final mechanical properties of cements.•The amount of HA particles did not influence the mechanical properties of cements.