Wasted cockle shell (Anadara granosa) as a natural adsorbent for treating polluted river water in the fabricated column model (FCM)

The potential use of crushed cockle shells (Anadara granosa) for treating polluted river water in the fabricated column model was investigated along with the determination of the optimum amount of A. granosa used in the fabricated column model based on the results obtained from the series of jar test experiments performed during the study. The result shows that the crushed cockle shell could reduce chemical oxygen demand with the adsorption capacity of 5.3191 mg g−1. Moreover, based on adsorption isotherm, it is shown that the adsorption data best fitted for Freundlich (R2 = 0.9798) when compared to Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.5737). The breakthrough curves plotted based on the data obtained from fabricated column model experiment indicates that the exhaustion time of crushed cockle shell was on the third day. The linearization of breakthrough curves based on Thomas model, Yoon–Nelson model, and Adam–Bohart model, shows that the curves best fitted with Adam–Bohart model, since the value of R2 was higher compared to the other models tested during the experiment.