Static standing, dynamic standing and spasticity in individuals with spinal cord injury

Study design: This was a cross-over efficacy study design. Objective: To determine spasticity differences between static and dynamic standing training in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting: Vancouver, Canada. Methods: Ten individuals with SCI who could stand with or without bracing or supports participated in both dynamic and static standing training (one session each, 2 days apart) using a Segway. The primary outcome was spasticity as measured by Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and electromyography (EMG) of the quadriceps, hamstrings, adductors and gastrocnemius. Results: There was no statistically detectable difference in spasticity between dynamic and static standing training in individuals with SCI as measured by VAS, MAS or EMG, although there was a trend towards decreased spasticity after the dynamic training. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in spasticity outcomes between static and dynamic standing training on a Segway for individuals with SCI. Sponsorship: This research was funded by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries.