A method based on the Jacobi tau approximation for solving multi-term time–space fractional partial differential equations

In this paper, we propose and analyze an efficient operational formulation of spectral tau method for multi-term time–space fractional differential equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The shifted Jacobi operational matrices of Riemann–Liouville fractional integral, left-sided and right-sided Caputo fractional derivatives are presented. By using these operational matrices, we propose a shifted Jacobi tau method for both temporal and spatial discretizations, which allows us to present an efficient spectral method for solving such problem. Furthermore, the error is estimated and the proposed method has reasonable convergence rates in spatial and temporal discretizations. In addition, some known spectral tau approximations can be derived as special cases from our algorithm if we suitably choose the corresponding special cases of Jacobi parameters θ and ϑ. Finally, in order to demonstrate its accuracy, we compare our method with those reported in the literature.