Ship–Ship interactions in calm water and waves. Part 2: URANS validation in replenishment and overtaking conditions

Part 2 of this two-part paper presents URANS ship–ship validation results against the experimental data studied in Part 1. The simulation matrix is designed based on the Part 1 results to focus on most significant effects, as well as to complement the data to further explain the physics involved. Calm water validation results show that the error values are comparable to the previous single-ship URANS studies. Single-ship (Hope only and Bobo only) calm water hull pressure distributions are compared to ship–ship solutions, providing insight into the physics of the induced effects based on the regions of decreased or increased hull pressure. Regular wave results achieve error values comparable to those for previous single-ship URANS validation studies. Also compared to the previous use of the same data for different simulation tools other than URANS, the current results achieve significantly lower error values. Ship–ship results in waves are compared to single-ship simulations, showing that the presence of the second ship induces resonant effects for most of the variables, and induces increased amplitudes for forces and moments at high frequencies. An overtaking validation simulation in regular head waves is carried out, which shows URANS capability with reasonably good agreement to the experiment.