Experimental study of the effects of natural gas injection timing on the combustion performance and emissions of a turbocharged common rail dual-fuel engine

•Natural gas injection timing has obvious effects on combustion of dual-fuel engine.•Combustion performance is improved with optimized natural gas injection timing.•BSHC and BSCO decreased with retarded natural gas injection timing at low load.•BSNOx increased at part load while reduced at high load with delay N.G. injection.•PM is very low and insensitive to the variation of natural gas injection timing. Natural gas combustion with pilot ignition has been considered to be one of the most promising ways to utilize natural gas in existing diesel engine without serious engine modification and it has been widely researched all over the world. In this study, three experiments of different loads (BMEP 0.240MPa, 0.480MPa and 0.767MPa) were performed on a 2.8L four-cylinder, natural gas manifold injection dual-fuel engine to investigate the effects of natural gas injection timing on engine combustion performance and emissions. The pilot injection parameters (pilot injection timing and pressure) and natural gas injection pressure remain constant at a speed of 1600rpm in the experiment. The cylinder pressure, HRR, CoVimep, flame development duration, CA50 and brake thermal efficiency were analyzed. The results indicated that under low and part engine loads, the flame development duration and CA50 can be reduced by properly retarding natural gas injection timing, while the CoVimep increased with retarded natural gas injection timing. As a result, the brake thermal efficiency is increased and the combustion stability slightly deteriorates. Meanwhile, under low and part engine loads, PM emissions in the dual-fuel engine is much lower than that in conventional diesel engines, furthermore, at high load, the PM emissions are near zero. CO and HC emissions are reduced with retarded natural gas injection timing under low and part loads, however, NOx emissions are slightly increased. Under high load, the flame development duration and CA50 are obviously prolonged with retarded natural gas injection timing companied with a deterioration of brake thermal efficiency. CO and HC emissions are not significantly varied with retarded natural gas injection timing under high load, except that NOx emissions decreased slightly.