Emulsification by Phosphorylcholine-type Gemini Amphiphile as Active Interfacial Modifier

We prepared oil-in-water emulsions with a phosphorylcholine-type gemini amphiphile (abbreviated as 18P-2-18N). The key emulsification process was found to be control of temperature; i.e., relatively stable emulsions were obtained when 18P-2-18N, hexadecane, and water were homogenized at 80 °C. We suggest that a liquid-crystalline 18P-2-18N phase stabilizes the oil/water interface at 80 °C, and then the transition to the gel phase at low temperature achieves further stabilization in a manner similar to the Pickering emulsion.