Management of liver metastases in colorectal cancer patients: A retrospective case-control study of systemic therapy versus liver resection

Abstract Objective To evaluate and compare the overall survival (OS) in case-matched patient groups treated either with systemic therapy or surgery for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). Methods Patients with CRLM, without extra-hepatic disease, treated with chemotherapy with or without targeted therapy in two phase III studies ( n = 480) were selected and case-matched to patients who underwent liver resection ( n = 632). Matching criteria were sex, age, established prognostic factors for survival (clinical risk score). Available computed tomography (CT)-scans of patients treated with systemic therapies were reviewed by three independent liver surgeons for resectability. Survival was compared between patients with resectable CRLM (based on CT-scan review) who were treated with systemic therapy versus patients who underwent liver resection. Results A total of 96 patients treated with systemic therapy were included. Pre-treatment CT-scans of the liver were available for review in 56 of the systemically treated patients, and metastases were unanimously considered resectable in 36 patients (64.3%) (complex resectable: n = 25; 69%). These 36 patients were case-matched with 36 patients who underwent liver resection (wedge resection or segmentectomy: n = 26; 72%). Median OS in the patient group treated with systemic therapy was 26.5 months (range 0–81 months), which was significantly lower than that in case-matched patients who underwent liver resection (median OS 56 months; range 6–116) ( p = 0.027). Conclusions In this case-matched control study, surgery provided superior OS rates compared to systemic therapy for CRLM. Resection of CRLM should always be considered, preferably in a dedicated liver centre, since not all patients that qualify for resection are identified as such.