Lung Transplantation in Patients With Prior Cardiothoracic Surgical Procedures

The full spectrum of prior cardiothoracic procedures in lung transplant candidates and the impact of prior procedures on outcomes after lung transplantation (LTx) remain unknown, though the impact is considered to be large. Patients transplanted at our institution from 2004 to 2009 were identified (n = 554) and divided into two groups: patients who had undergone cardiothoracic surgical (CTS) procedures prior to LTx (n = 238) and patients who had not (non‐CTS: n = 316). Our primary endpoint was survival. Secondary endpoints included allograft function and the incidence of major complications including reexploration due to bleeding, prolonged ventilation, renal insufficiency and primary graft dysfunction. Long‐term survival was not significantly different between the groups whereas postoperative bleeding, nerve injury, respiratory and renal complications were higher in the CTS group. Posttransplant peak FEV1 was lower in the CTS group (73.4% vs. 86.9%, p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, performance of a chemical pleurodesis procedure and prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass were significantly associated with mortality (OR, 1.7; CI, 1.5–2.0; p < 0.005). Our results suggest that patients with LTx and prior CTS remain technically challenging and experience worse outcomes than patients without prior CTS. A surgical strategy to minimize cardiopulmonary bypass time is critical for these challenging LTx patients. Lung transplantation in patients with prior cardiothoracic surgical procedures remains technically challenging, with inferior outcomes and higher incidences of major complications compared to those seen in patients without prior cardiothoracic procedures.