CXCL5 is a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for bladder cancer patients

Chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 5 (CXCL5) is critical for bladder cancer growth and progression. Our previous study demonstrated that increase of CXCL5 in bladder cancer cell lines had an effect on tumor growth and progression. This study aims to investigate the expression of CXCL5 in tissue and urine of bladder cancer patients, in relation to clinicopathologic parameters, and as a predictive value in diagnosing and evaluating bladder cancer. Urothelial bladder cancer tissues from 255 patients were profiled for CXCL5 alterations by immunohistochemistry. Urine samples collected from patients with bladder cancer and urinary tract infections as well as healthy volunteers were analyzed by ELISA. High expression of CXCL5 in bladder cancer tissue was correlated with TNM stage ( P = 0.012), cancer grade ( P = 0.001), and lymph node metastasis ( P = 0.007). CXCL5 alterations were associated with overall survival ( P = 0.007), progression free survival ( P = 0.004), and recurrence free survival in muscle invasive bladder cancers ( P = 0.026). CXCL5 expression in the urine of bladder cancer patients was significantly different from urinary tract infection patients ( P = 0.001) and healthy volunteers. However, urine leukocytes may predict CXCL5 levels ( β = 0.56, P