Spontaneous, Straightforward Fabrication of Partially Reduced Graphene Oxide–Polypyrrole Composite Films for Versatile Actuators

A facile one-step approach has been developed to fabricate partially reduced graphene oxide–polypyrrole (prGO-PPy) film via self-oxidation–reduction strategy, in which graphene oxide acts as the oxidant to polymerize pyrrole into PPy leading to the spontaneous partial reduction of GO and cross-linking between prGO and PPy via π–π interaction. With the convenient preparation method, a well controlled designed asymmetric actuator based on GO (or G)/prGO-PPy film with excellent humidity and electrochemical responses has been achieved for versatile stimulated actuations that will also play essential roles in advanced actuators for many important intelligent applications.