Introduction to systematic reviews and meta-analysis

Systematic reviews provide a method for collating and synthesizing research, and are used to inform healthcare decision making by clinicians, consumers and policy makers. A core component of many systematic reviews is a meta‐analysis, which is a statistical synthesis of results across studies. In this review article, we introduce meta‐analysis, focusing on the different meta‐analysis models, their interpretation, how a model should be selected and discuss potential threats to the validity of meta‐analyses. We illustrate the application of meta‐analysis using data from a review examining the effects of early use of inhaled corticosteroids in the emergency department treatment of acute asthma.